Education to Employment: Designing a System that Works

Considering the education-to-employment system as a highway with three critical intersections -- enrolling in postsecondary education, building skills, and finding a job -- this research has determined places where students take wrong turns or fall behind, and why. With increased data and innovative approaches, employers, educators, governments and youth can create a better system

Where are you in the journey and how do you take the next leap? transforming your state or district’s public school system

As a country we have made significant positive strides in access and enrollment, and in providing basic facilities in schools. The next big challenge in primary schooling is the quality of education. As these quotes also suggest, this challenge is now widely acknowledged. Assessments by independent entities, parent migration to private schools especially in urban areas, active debate generated by non-profits and strong push from funders, have all emphasized the tremendous magnitude of the quality gap and helped create awareness. Over the last few years, a large number of initiatives – led by governments, non-profits and for-profits – have been launched and driven around the country, to improve quality of education. While these are great starting points, in many situations, they have been insufficient for two key reasons

Cómo continúan mejorando los sistemas educativos de mayor progreso en el mundo

Analiza 20 sistemas educativos de todo el mundo. A partir de su estudio de 2007, pero con una precisión mucho mayor, el informe McKinsey se ocupa de analizar los trayectos, organizando los sistemas según puntos de partida y la progresión. Este espectro de etapas de desempeño —de deficiente a regular, de regular a bueno, de bueno a muy bueno y de muy bueno a excelente— se descompone a su vez en grupos de intervenciones dentro de contextos determinados. En cada caso resulta evidente que todas las entidades que mejoran, aún si su punto de partida es adverso, son lideradas por combinaciones de líderes conscientes de que participan en un fenómeno que el informe denomina “mecanismo del sistema”, una cantidad reducida de factores importantes que se combinan para crear la química de una mejora generalizada. Distingue grupos de intervenciones diferentes para aquellos que comienzan de una base débil que para aquellos que ya han tenido un éxito significativo

Technology transfer dynamics : lessons from the Egyptian and Indian pharmaceutical industries

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-142).Over the past fifty years, development theorists have presented multiple explanations for why industrial technology transfer to developing countries is difficult. Although much progress has been made in identifying broad areas of transfer failure, concrete technology transfer policy lessons for firms and governments remain elusive. This dissertation examines the technology transfer challenges faced by firms in developing countries during intermediate industrialization. Using the Egyptian and Indian pharmaceutical industries as case studies, it undertakes two tasks. First, the study analyzes full-cooperation transfers to understand the obstacles encountered by three types of local and foreign pharmaceutical transfer partners (multinational drug headquarters and subsidiaries, equipment suppliers and buyers, and equipment manufacturing joint ventures). Second, the research examines no-cooperation transfers, and the experiences of local firms that learn pharmaceutical manufacturing skills by copying existing drugs on the world market. This part of the research>articularly focuses on how Egyptian and Indian drug firms are responding to an international patent agreement, TRIPs, that severely restricts the scope of their imitation activities. In the context of both the full-cooperation and no-cooperation cases, this dissertation empirically evaluates four main theories in the debate over why technology transfer to industrial firms in developing countries is difficult: (1) technological knowledge; (2) recipient characteristics; (3) transferor characteristics; and, (4) economic environment. This dissertation finds that the development literature provides incomplete explanations of firm transfer experiences and obstacles, and provides alternative conceptualizations of technology transfer dynamics during industrialization. First, codified technology transfers can be just as problematic as tacit ones, implying that a technology's knowledge characteristics are not directly correlated with transfer ease. Second, rather than transferors teaching recipients how to use technology, partners often work together to solve new problems that occur at the local site. Third, while transfer problems do revolve around technical issues, they are frequently precipitated by social issues, namely communication and rapport difficulties between partners. Fourth, contrary to widespread thinking, government industrial policy can be a positive force in technology transfer. By create a demanding home environment for local firms, the state can force firms to improve their technological capabilities, and to prepare themselves for global market competition.by Mona Mourshed.Ph.D

Meeting The Worlds Midcareer Challenge

Meeting The World's Midcareer Challenge is based on a survey of 3,800 employed and unemployed people, and 1,404 hiring managers to reveal global employment trends.The report sheds light on the reality of the jobs market for those aged 45-60 in seven countries — Brazil, India, Italy, Singapore, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States — with a particular focus on those seeking or working in entry-level and intermediate roles with no formal post-secondary educational background and low income levels. The findings highlight the stark unemployment challenges faced by midcareer workers across the world, offering insight into why they struggle.These trends existed before the pandemic, but this research also demonstrates that COVID-19 has harmed employment opportunities and worsened employment conditions for midcareer workers. 37% of those switching jobs in their midcareer and over 50% of those seeking work, say that COVID-19 has had a major impact on their employment status

Policy Debate | Education and Employment Mismatch

Editor’s note: These papers are contributions to the ‘Policy Debate’ section of International Development Policy. In this section, academics, policy-makers and practioners engage in a dialogue on global development challenges. Papers are copy-edited but not peer-reviewed. Instead, the initial thematic contribution is followed by critical comments and reactions from scholars and/or policy-makers. Authored by McKinsey’s research team, the initial paper addresses the Education to Employment challenge. It is based on McKinsey’s study, which looked at skill development in 25 different countries and investigated education-to-employment initiatives. The authors claim that the most successful efforts are those where different stakeholders interact intensively and frequently. Employers need to get involved in education, and educators should play a bigger role in employment. The paper is followed by critical comments by tree authors : Beatriz Cardoso, Executive Director of Laboratório de Educação, Brazil, Shailaja Fennell lecturer at the Centre of Development Studies, University of Cambridge, UK, and Claudio de Moura Castro, economist, Brazil. This debate can be pursued on the Journal’s blog http://devpol.hypotheses.org/423